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Gabriele Santoro

ROME (July 24) - continues in the many difficulties of the moment the path of analysis and integration of the proposed reform of method of recruitment of researchers in Italian Universities. Earlier this year the working group formed by Fulvio Cammarano, director of the Department of Politics, Institutions and History at the University of Bologna, the fellows Lorenzo Fioramonti and Gigi Roggero, by Paul Gheda researcher at the University of Valle D'Aosta, threw the pebble in the pond of a system unwilling to reform itself: the members of committees bankruptcy should take the honor and the burden of choosing recruited, responding to a framework of incentives or disincentives according to the results produced.

Fulvio Cammarano explains this attempt to build a more transparent and above all competitive: "The issue of recruitment is one of the most sensitive issues for the academic world. To defeat the canons of the selection of candidates for low-profile to be not only undermined but advance arrangements jointly assume responsibility when the fees that would no longer, as before, wash its hands of the competition when finished. The Wicker Man should rather be compared over time and according to their scientific results to determine premiums or cuts on the research funds of all those who contributed to the selection, as well that the department has called the winner. To get results you may want to rely on the interest of the recruiter, coming from the unsuccessful appeal to ethics and an abstract principle of fairness. In summary this hypothesis imagines that virtue can be realized by the interest. "

In a panel discussion among experts Institute held Luigi Sturzo positive aspects have been worked out and which to improve on its way to a pre-law formulation. At the center of operations there have been incentive schemes for the recruitment, the nature of individual and collective responsibility of the recruiters, the question of assessment, the allocation of funds, the composition of committees. Between September and October there is a technical workshop in which lead to an organic text.

In the general approval of the project showed the critical assessment of the context prevailing in the Italian research and then the real possibilities of implementation of the proposal. For example, where to find the funds in the face of the few available for the creation of a virtuous system of incentives? How to overcome the temptation to promote anthropological researcher indicated by a fellow neighbor? How to frame the reform under the current system with a few competitions and uncoordinated? The same access to competitive turns into a slalom between modules sometimes difficult to decipher, stamp duties and red tape that discourages the willingness to try. At the moment the inter-university mobility is blocked by budgetary reasons, a researcher or lecturer internal costs less and less. All waiting for the end of the parliamentary Ddl Gelmini and a budget law which provides for a further slimming of the research budget.

'The principles of the proposal are totally uncontroversial - said Massimo Egidi, Rector of Luiss - We must get behind the season of competitions assigned to the ethics of the Commissioners. Need a strong incentive mechanism to exit the old system. It would be necessary to establish a register of evaluators that match specific criteria. Regarding the formation of committees should be culturally composite and evaluate large blocks of candidates. " With the introduction of the incentive system runs parallel with the States. "In the U.S. there is a strong push to the choice of the best - said Giacinto Della Cananea, University of Naples Federico II - because they bring money to the Department of belonging. Under this proposal, should be also enhanced the moral sanction, through the dissemination of information on locations and on the faculty players recruiting the "wrong", while caution should be observed in the risk of financial penalties with countless appeals to the authorities competent. You still need to focus even more on the appearance of rewards. "

Francesco Sylos Labini , physical researcher at the CNR and author Stephen Zapperi interesting book " Researchers do not grow on trees " (Yale University Press), draws a bleak landscape: "In Italy in this area we are starting from scratch. In all competitions is left to the "conscience" of the commissioners. Without the introduction of such mechanisms is difficult to change the cruel forces consolidated in recent decades. In Italy, the percentage of funds allocated on a competitive basis is 1% of the entire allocation state for higher education, while private funds are almost zero. Incentives or disincentives are therefore almost absent in a situation where most of the appropriation for the university goes to salaries. Moreover, in Italy, there is no mechanism for independent evaluation and monitoring of any kind on a national scale the quality of teachers and researchers. " So how should we highlights Labini from simple things, "contests that are held at regular intervals, to understand even a stranger calls (as well as an Italian!), No stamps and stamps that do not guarantee anyone and discourage good candidates, band's wide enough. "