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Matvejevic, gli scenari delle rivolte popolari nel Mediterraneo

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Gabriele Santoro

ROME - The beautiful Mediterranean Breviary Predrag Matvejevic is intended to be enriched by new pages. The Croatian writer who narrated the smells, colors and history the "Mare Nostrum" today following with passion the revolutions that reshape the balance of the "cradle of Europe". The yearning for freedom for people who want to give substance to their dreams is a matter for intellectuals as Matvejevic. Formed in Sarajevo crossroads of religions and cultures with his pen as he challenged satraps Slobodan Milosevic and Franjo Tudjman in the political vacuum that the European hanno portato all’autodistruzione la penisola balcanica, alla polverizzazione dell’universale per un presunto dominio del particolare. Negli scritti di un uomo dalla voce lieve e dalla cultura infinita si rintracciano le radici profonde che l’attuale Europa ostinatamente trascura.

Le rivolte popolari che stanno infiammando la sponda sud del Mediterraneo vengono accostate alla caduta del Muro di Berlino nell’89. Lei trova delle analogie?
«Come per il disfacimento dell’Unione Sovietica siamo di fronte a un sisma globale che si iscrive nella storia contemporanea e moderna. Ma alcune differenze rimangono tuttora presenti ed evidenti. Non abbiamo visto in Maghreb un Gorbacev climb on the political scene, nor a "Prague Spring" with a "dissident" as Vaclav Havel, Lech Walesa nor between the Gdansk shipyard, or Karol Wojtyla to the faithful. "

There is a great unknown that accompanies movements were born spontaneously from the bottom without a "thinking head" will be able to translate into a political alternative?
"I follow with great sympathy the aspirations of youth in the Maghreb. Some views and lived experiences in the "former world" with their hopes and disappointments may be repeated but in the period following the current insurgency. After the collapse of ex - Yugoslavia have come to believe to win this and we could not control the past. We have seen the birth of freedom and we did not know what to do or risk of abuse. We defended a national heritage and then had to defend against it. We wanted to preserve the memory and after all these new events, the memory seemed to punish us. It is soon time when messianic utopias and find their unique place among the accessories of a process incomplete, or partially irrecoverable useless. "

She coined the term "democrature" authoritarian regimes with democratic robes that have filled the void of unfinished revolution. Sees the risk of a drift in the Islamic Arab world?
"In Eastern Europe transitions were lengthy, full of failures and often have just given birth "democrature. We fear all that Islamism is establishing itself in countries that have experienced a secular history. I hope that good will prevail and a common project around which forces carriers of clot development and democracy. However, there are many young scholars and intellectuals who have had close and positive meetings with the acquisitions of Western culture not only scientific or technological. Turkey should be taken as an example and finally involved in the process of European integration. "

Europe is, as often happens, uniform and follows the change.
"The European Union has had no Mediterranean policy and was taken aback by the speed of events. It was built separate Europe from the "cradle of Europe". Decisions on the fate of the Mediterranean have been taken without the involvement of all actors in the area and this has led to frustrations and fantasies. The conference in Barcelona '95 was a failure, as well as the Mediterranean Union launched by Sarkozy turned out to be just an electoral cartel. There is a shared culture that can rendere omogeneo lo spazio mediterraneo in cui spesso si confonde la realtà con la sua rappresentazione. I despoti rinnegati oggi sono gli stessi personaggi con cui i leader del Continente andavano a braccetto fino a pochi mesi fa».

Una delle preoccupazioni maggiori dei governi europei sono le possibili migrazioni di dimensioni bibliche dal Maghreb. Un approccio quantitativo è sufficiente a governare un fenomeno così complesso?
«Le cifre nascondono destini. Serve un approccio più qualitativo governando l’eventuale emergenza. Ricordo la gioia quando il presidente emerito della Repubblica Scalfaro firmò l’atto per la mia cittadinanza italiana. Finì per me un periodo duro tra "Asylum and exile". Learning Italian, I was surprised by the amount of terms related to emigration and immigration: migrants, migrants, immigrants, refugees, refugees, exiles and immigrants today or rejected. And this is related to the history that my country should not forget. As Borges wrote: "Argentina? What a beautiful country Italian English-language "."